Looking for a loopholes in power asymmetry: public engagement in Slovak countryside in intersectional perspective
Keywords:
gender , ethnicity, intersectionality , local government , associations , Slovak countrysideAbstract
The article deals with the ways and limits of participation in public life in a Slovak village, where one third of population is Roma. The main theoretical concept is intersectional theory, which is used to analyse how categories of gender and ethnicity influence access to power in local government participation and societies engagement. The division of the village on the basis of ethnicty is very noticeable in this research field, so gender, which is fundamental and omnirelevant cathegory, seems like invisible. It is difficult for Romanies to take part in the local government and societies because of mechanisms of opression, but it does not prevent them from complete participation in public life. Especially Romani women were able to find a loophole in mechanisms of oppression and they based their public activities on informal relationships. They influence the public affairs in their village, despite of having only limited possibilities and their public engagement is still limited externally. Incorporation gender cathegory into analysis makes possible to desribe the structural barriers whose Romani women face, and also the mechanisms of opression, whose seemingly cover even the fundamenetal gender cathegory.References
Allen, A. 2016. Feminist Perspectives on Power. In: Zalta, E. N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Dostupné z: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/feminist-power/ [cit. 2020-01-12].
Brewer, R. 1999. Theorizing race, class and gender: the new scholarship of black feminist intellectuals and black women's labor. Race, Gender and Class (6): 29–47.
Brož, L., Stöckelová. T. 2015. Přísliby a úskalí symetrie: sociální vědy v zemi za zrcadlem. Cargo: časopis pro kulturní / sociální antropologii (1–2): 5–33. Dostupné z: http://cargojournal.org/index.php/cargo/article/view/22/22 [cit. 2020-08-06].
Burnham, L. 2001. Introduction. In: Blackwell, M., Burnham, L., Choi, J. H. (eds.). Time to Rise: US Women of Color – Issues and Strategies. A Report to the UN World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. Durban, South Africa, Aug. 28–Sept. 7, 2001. Berkeley: Women of Color Resource Center Press, 1–17.
Bussey, K. 2011. Gender Identity Development. In: Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., Vignoles, V. J. (eds). Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. New York: Springer, 603–628.
Choo, H. Y., Ferree, M. M. 2010. Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities. Sociological Theory 28 (2): 129–149.
Cohen, A. 1974. Two-Dimensional Man. An essay on the antropology of power and symbolism in complex society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Collins, P. H. 2004. Black sexual politics. African Americans, Gender and the New Racism. New York: Routledge.
Crenshaw, K. 1989. Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A black Feminism Critiquie of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum (1).
Creswell, J. W. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design. Choosing Among Five Approaches. London: Sage.
Davis, K. 2008. Intersectionality as Buzzword. A Sociology of Science Perspective on What Makes a Feminist Theory Successful. Feminist Theory 9 (1): 67–85. Dostupné z https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700108086364 [cit. 2020-03-02].
Dohnalová, M. 2004. Antropologie občanské společnosti: analýzy a interpretace s přihlédnutím k výsledkům vědecko-výzkumného a pedagogického zaměření Katedry oboru Občanský sektor FHS UK v Praze. Brno: CERM.
European Institute for Gender Equality [Online]. 2020. Dostupné z: https://eige.europa.eu/gender-statistics/dgs [cit. 2020-03-02].
Hájková, K. 2019. Participace romských a neromských žen na veřejném životě na slovenské vesnici. Olomouc. Magisterská diplomová práce. Olomouc: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého, Katedra sociologie, andragogiky a kulturní antropologie.
Hrustič, T. 2015. "Záleží na nás, ako sa dohodneme." Prehľad rómskej politickej participácie na Slovensku (1990–2014). In: Podolinská, T., Hrustič, T. (eds.). Čierno-biele svety. Rómovia v majoritnej spoločnosti na Slovensku. Bratislava: Ústav etnológie SAV, VEDA, 104–145.
Kajanová, A. a kol. 2015. (Ne)rovnosti v romských rodinách. Praha: Lidové noviny.
Kolářová, K. 2018. Paradoxy úspěsné teorie: intersekcionalita mezi kritikou a stvrzováním hegemonie. Gender a výzkum (2): 11–31. Dostupné z: https://www.genderonline.cz/pdfs/gav/2018/02/02.pdf [cit. 2020-11-02].
Schultz, D. L. (2012). Translating intersectionality Theory into Practise: A Tale of Romani-Gadže Feminist Alliance. Signs (38): 37–43.
SPOLU-Slovensko [Online]. 2019. Dostupné z: http://www.spolu-slovensko.sk/ [cit. 2019-03-23].
Šotola, J., Rodríguez Polo, M. 2016. Etnografie sociální mobility. Etnicita, bariéry a dominance. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
Ulčin, P. 2016. Podpora vyrovnaného zastúpenia žien a mužov na vedúcich pozíciách v organizáciách verejnej a súkromnej sféry. Bratislava: Inštitút pre výskum práce a rodiny.
Vohlídalová, M., Maříková, H., Čermáková, M., Volejníčková, R. 2016. Sólo pro soprán: O ženách v české politice. Praha: Sociologický ústav AV ČR.
Weldon, L. S. 2008. Intersectionality. In: Goertz, G., Mazur, A. G. (eds.). Politics, Gender, and Concepts. Theory and Methodology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
West, C., Zimmerman, D. H. 1987. Doing gender. Gender and society 1 (2): 125–151.
